PIANO
Browse original piano solo compositions
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Adagio Processionnelle
"Adagio Processionnelle" is a delicate and widely admired piano solo that radiates innocence, characterized by its slowly unfolding chords in ¾ time, reminiscent of a classical piano concerto. While the memorable melody is central, the structure often fragments and recycles material in different registers, echoing the repetition found in hymns. This lends the piece a sincere, prayer-like quality, both charming and austere. The use of open fifths and octaves in the introduction and transitions builds an ethereal melody, contributing to its tranquil, gossamer-like texture. The layered tonal shifts and harmonic subtlety create a fluid interplay of sound, making for a calming and complete musical experience where simplicity meets emotional depth. The title perfectly reflects the solemn, processional flow of the music, as if leading the listener through a slow, reflective journey. [3'30"]
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All the Clothes in a Woman’s Closet
"All the Clothes in a Woman's Closet" is an evocative minimalist piano solo that mirrors the vibrant array of colors, textures, and patterns found in a woman’s wardrobe. The piece translates this visual diversity into a dynamic interplay of shifting tonalities and registers, driven by cascading syncopated rhythms and bursts of color. Repetitive patterns and fragmented motifs evoke Steve Reich’s “process music,” where gradual transformations create hypnotic motion. Divided into three distinct sections without transitions, the composition balances contrast and unity through recurring harmonic and rhythmic elements. The tonal splashes and syncopations lend fluidity, allowing the listener to experience the interplay of motion and texture as a sonic reflection of a colorful wardrobe. Through this minimalist framework, the piece explores motion, texture, and form with both clarity and depth. [11’30”]
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And Fire Was Born
"And Fire Was Born" is a vibrant and fiercely energetic composition, defined by the interplay of static, pulsating harmonies and intricate right-hand melodies. This contrast imbues the post-minimalist work with a heightened sense of intensity and drive. Ticking ostinatos and symmetrical forms provide a unifying structure, steadily building tension as the composition progresses toward its exhilarating climax. The interplay between repetition and variation gives the piece a hypnotic quality, drawing the listener deeper into its rhythmic layers. As the tempo accelerates and harmonic shifts create a sense of collapsing symmetry, the piece moves into a powerful final section. Here, wide-ranging, plunging melodies sweep across the keyboard with increasing urgency, unleashing a torrent of fiery energy that evokes both sheer force and excitement, leaving the listener breathless with its dramatic conclusion. [4’00”]
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Angels in April
"Angels in April" is a mesmerizingly serene composition that paints an evocative soundscape through intricately layered entrances and deep, resonant drones. The subtle interplay between low bass and airy harmonies creates a ripple effect of circular gestures, punctuated by shimmering, bell-like touches. These elements merge into a tranquil yet richly detailed world of colors, shapes, timbres, and textures. The piece’s free-form structure weaves windswept lines that float effortlessly, drawing the listener into a sonic journey that feels both intimate and expansive. Transparent phrasing and sparse, intentional dissonance give it a sense of weightlessness, allowing the music to unfold organically across the keyboard. Its atmospheric layers, painted in pale pastels, form a delicate tapestry, spiraling outward and engaging the listener in an ever-deepening exploration of space and time, invoking calm yet profound introspection. [4’30”]
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Apollo’s Muse
"Apollo's Muse" is a contemplative piano piece that delves into a range of modal inflections. Set in a gentle 6/8 waltz rhythm, it cradles a meandering lullaby over an arpeggiated left-hand accompaniment, while the right hand floats effortlessly with broken octaves and sixths. The composition creates an air of mystery through its hazy arpeggios and melancholic non-diatonic notes, evoking a haunting and somber tone. As the piece unfolds, its fluid harmonic language deepens the sense of introspection, inviting the listener into its reflective atmosphere. This captivating interplay of delicate melodies and intricate harmonies beautifully showcases the pianist’s ability to evoke both dreamlike reverie and emotional depth, making it a profoundly evocative work. [3’00”]
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Arcade
"Arcade" is a piano piece that employs contemporary notation to craft a distinctive soundscape through the oscillating and alternating repetitions of the left and right hands. This technique creates a pointillistic effect, emphasizing the focused movement of each hand while contributing to a larger, more expansive sonic environment. The rapid shifts between hands create a texture that feels both intricate and precise, drawing attention to the subtle nuances of each note as they build into a cohesive whole. The resulting sound is reminiscent of the rhythmic energy of a pinball machine, with its sharp percussive qualities and playful momentum, capturing a sense of mechanical unpredictability while maintaining a lively and dynamic atmosphere. This playful interaction of sound and structure adds depth, making "Arcade" an engaging exploration of rhythm, repetition, and texture. [2’00”]
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At the Water
"At the Water" is a piano piece distinguished by its lyricism and melodic richness within the collection. It features a free rubato style, yet remains grounded in a solid structure, relying on arpeggiated broken chord fragments built on octaves and fifths. The gradual harmonic shifts and repeated notes establish a sense of calm and hesitation, evoking a reflective, almost meditative atmosphere. As the piece progresses, it develops with subtle intricacies, leading to a higher recapitulation that unfolds with expanded expressiveness. This extended development creates a sense of resolution before the piece concludes with a delicate coda, marked by a final, graceful exchange between the hands, leaving a lingering impression of tranquility. [2’30”]
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Augenmusik
"Augenmusik" is a solo piano work that captures the virtuosic brilliance, tenderness, and beauty characteristic of the Romantic era, drawing inspiration from the expressive depth of Rachmaninoff’s compositions. The piece unfolds with sweeping, lyrical melodic lines, seamlessly interwoven with intricate filigree and lush, complex harmonies, creating an emotionally charged and captivating soundscape. These virtuosic passages are thoughtfully balanced by moments of delicate sensitivity, inviting the performer to navigate a nuanced, dynamic performance that highlights both power and restraint. As the music progresses, its rich harmonic language and intricate textures offer a sophisticated interplay between technical demands and expressive depth. "Augenmusik" stands as a testament to the grandeur and emotional intensity of the Romantic piano repertoire, a piece that not only pays homage to the era but also elevates it with its own unique voice. [9'00"]
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The Baobab Tree
"The Baobab Tree" is an advanced piano solo inspired by African legends. Using dotted pitches and shifting tonalities, the piece evokes the baobab's sprawling branches, creating a dramatic soundscape. Its avant-garde style explores unconventional time and tonality, taking the listener on a captivating musical journey. The composer drew inspiration from a recent visit to Africa and a legend about the baobab. The baobab was among the first trees to appear on the land. Next came the slender, graceful palm tree. When the baobab saw the palm tree, it cried out that it wanted to be taller. Then the beautiful flame tree appeared with its red flower and the baobab was envious of flower blossoms. When the baobab saw the magnificent fig tree, it prayed for fruit as well. The gods became angry with the tree and pulled it up by its roots, then replanted it upside down to keep it quiet.” This legend shapes the composition’s exploration of contrast and longing, capturing the dynamic tension between aspiration and consequence within the music’s emotional landscape. [2'00"]
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Barcarolle
"Barcarolle" is a captivating and enchanting piano solo in D minor that transports the listener on a serene musical journey, evoking the gentle sway of a Venetian gondola. With its long, lyrical melodic lines, the piece captures the ebb and flow of water through its subtle shifts in harmony, creating a dreamy, ethereal soundscape that soothes the mind. The undulating arpeggios and delicate harmonies are woven together with finesse, enveloping the listener in the romantic charm of Venice's iconic canals. As the music unfolds, the interplay between melody and harmony deepens, enriching the emotional depth while maintaining an accessible allure. "Barcarolle" stands as a stunning example of Romantic piano music, blending sophistication with an irresistible charm that draws listeners into its magical world. [7'00"]
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birdwatching
“birdwatching” is a tender and captivating piano composition that showcases the advanced pianist’s virtuosity through intricate passages and swift, delicate runs. Its gentle motion and serene harmonies create a tranquil, soothing soundscape, subtly mimicking bird-like characteristics that bring a sense of life and fluidity to the music. The piece evokes a peaceful stillness, inviting moments of contemplation and introspection, as if observing nature in a state of calm. The careful balance between flowing runs and serene harmonies mirrors the quiet harmony found in nature, while the pianist’s mastery of touch reveals the subtleties within the music, enhancing its expressive depth. Through its delicate beauty and poetic imagery, “birdwatching” offers a reflective escape, encouraging listeners to pause and appreciate the quiet serenity of the natural world. [4'00"]
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Black Crows
"Black Crows" is a piano composition that conveys a calm, unwavering mood, deeply anchored in the somber key of Eb minor. The piece’s left and right hands repeat harp-like arpeggios, crafting a slowly evolving soundscape that is both delicate and reverent. Its meditative quality explores extremes through a tranquil plaintiveness and circular patterns, drawing the listener into a melancholic wonder that lingers in the background, reminiscent of a Morten Feldman experimental work. Rather than introducing new ideas, the composition extends a singular concept, allowing the repetition of textures and rhythms to gradually blur the distinctions between chords and notes. As the music unfolds, attempts to resist its cyclical nature become futile, immersing the listener in a hypnotic landscape of dark hues and subtle, almost imperceptible shifts. In its quiet persistence, "Black Crows" envelops the listener in an ethereal, hushed nothingness, offering a contemplative space that transcends the boundaries of conventional musical development. [5'00"]
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Boardriders [2 pianos]
"Boardriders" is a post-minimalist composition for duo pianos that alternates between driving forward momentum and lyrical, melodic lines floating above shifting harmonic figurations. The two pianos move fluidly through waves of cross-rhythms, with pulsating figures imparting a sense of controlled movement beneath the piece’s subtle rumblings. Long melodic lines soar over the rhythmic undercurrents, propelled by unstable progressions and sudden modulations, evoking the ebb and flow of tidal surges. These elements combine to create a constantly evolving musical journey, where rolling arpeggios and rippling, watery textures ebb and flow asynchronously. The piece's dynamics and tessitura shift fluidly, delivering a lively and evocative experience that mirrors the natural rise and fall of the sea. [12'00"]
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Bright Holiday Canons
"Bright Holiday Canons" is a collection of original canons that span the full range of the piano, evoking a festive and joyful atmosphere. The piece’s shimmering qualities make it an ideal centerpiece for yuletide concerts or winter celebrations. While its modal influences lend a playful, childlike charm, the work is far from simplistic. Aleatoric and unconventional elements give the pianist freedom to navigate its intricate textures, with interlocking voices that create a lively dialogue across the keyboard. These canons build layers of sound that unfold in dynamic interplay, adding depth and vibrancy to the performance. With its dramatic and cinematic flair, "Bright Holiday Canons" serves as a captivating addition to a young pianist’s concert repertoire, blending festivity with artistic complexity. [4'00"]
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Cactus
"Cactus" is a staccatissimo post-minimalist piano solo that employs repetition and subtle variation to craft a thorny yet lively atmosphere. The primary musical phrase recurs throughout the piece, with each repetition slightly truncated, creating a sense of unpredictability. Elongated pauses of silence contrast the repeated phrases, introducing tension and drama, as if the fragments of the phrase gradually piece the work together. To avoid monotony, new musical material is woven in, adding distinctiveness and depth. As the piece unfolds, harmonic shifts introduce further complexity, enriching the texture. The composition concludes with a sharp, biting coda, rounding out the form and leaving a satisfying impression of brevity and precision. [5'00"]
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Carousel Ghosts
"Carousel Ghosts" is a solo piano piece that features a melody shifting between loosely defined pitch classes, creating a haunting, otherworldly atmosphere. The composition spans the full range of the keyboard, utilizing kaleidoscopic patterns and rotating pitch sequences to evoke a sense of distant, fading memories. It recalls echoes of naïve, turn-key chord progressions and a childlike tune from a forgotten world. Inspired by the image of a crumbling, abandoned merry-go-round, the piece subtly suggests this ghostly scene without directly recreating it, imbuing the music with a spectral, ethereal quality. The result is a poignant, introspective work that transports the listener to a landscape of faded memories and lost innocence. "Carousel Ghosts" serves as a reflective and moving addition to any piano program or recital. [4'00"]
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Chariots [2 pianos]
"Chariots" is a driving composition for two pianos, designed to challenge advanced performers. Over nearly six minutes, it transitions from simple open intervals to dynamic and intricate thematic modes. The piece opens with military-inspired motifs, setting the stage for rapidly shifting colors and textures that evolve throughout. Evoking the image of chariot wheels racing over rugged terrain, the music alternates between jagged surges and more tranquil, circular fragments. The elliptical, spiraling movements of both hands create a nuanced interplay of patterns and lines. Repeated thematic statements, marked by a dotted eighth-sixteenth rhythm, guide the listener through smaller, looping sublayers that contrast and propel the piece forward. This intricate balance of elements enriches the overall structure, offering a compelling and rewarding listening experience. [6'00"]
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Cloisters, The
"The Cloisters" is a piano solo that employs single-note lines and open fourth and fifth intervals to establish a transparent, wistful atmosphere. It begins with a muted introduction that subtly hints at rhythmic pulses, evolving into a soft, understated accompaniment beneath a light, syncopated descending melody. Through gentle modal shifts and diatonic movements, a reflective theme gradually takes shape, drawing on the somber tones of Benedictine music and the sonorous psalms of monastic choristers. Inspired by a visit to The Cloisters museum in northern Manhattan in the late 2000s, the composition’s austere style is characterized by delicate textures and sudden bass punctuations, giving it a sense of defiance. The drone-like, chant-like quality feels both primordial and reverent, inviting deep contemplation. The result is a piece that blends sacred tones with moments of reflection, evoking the quietude of a medieval oasis in New York City. [3'00"]
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cloudwaltzes
"cloudwaltzes" is a lyrical and introspective piano solo, distinguished by its use of broken chords in both the left and right-hand figurations. The piece features a freely expressive rubato in the right hand, floating delicately above a rolling accompaniment in the left, creating a flowing, organic texture. Although the rhapsodic style introduced at the beginning evolves throughout, it remains subtle and restrained, consistently returning to the initial melody. A brief contrasting B section adds depth while maintaining the work's introspective nature. The composition’s understated elegance invites quiet contemplation and reflection, offering moments of stillness and emotional resonance. With its gentle ebb and flow, "cloudwaltzes" conjures graceful dance rhythms within its meditative pulse, floating through a serene, timeless sequence that leaves a sense of calm and reflection. [5'00"]
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Cool Air
"Cool Air" is a piano solo that blends flowing melodies with intricate rhythmic patterns and overlapping motifs, crafting a nuanced and introspective atmosphere. The work’s essence lies in its descending melodic lines and layered rhythmic polyphony, which interweave to explore a reflective theme. Complexity emerges through oblique motions and quiet dynamics, with each phrase building upon the last, creating an evolving tapestry of sound. The playful interplay between hands and tightly woven voices enhances the ethereal soundscape, redefining contrapuntal technique. As the main melodic line reappears, it spawns further descending lines, evolving into a dramatic web of textures. With its restrained tonal language and subtle contrasts, "Cool Air" offers a captivating, introspective experience. [11'00"]
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Copper Clocks I, II, III
Inspired by a childhood fascination with a copper-plated grandfather clock, Copper Clocks is a three-part piano solo that captures the essence of time through contrasting tones, special effects, and vivid imagery. The first movement presents rapid one-note melodies with Bach-like reflection and sensuality, propelled by off-beat rhythmic patterns. The second movement strips away pulse, creating a bell-like atmosphere that distills time into polyphonic and dodecaphonic imagery. In the third movement, dissonant and moody contrapuntal fragments form a haunting soundscape, evoking the darker tones of timepieces. Through its motifs and exploration of space and silence, Copper Clocks masterfully navigates the space between aleatoric and notated, and tonal and non worlds, leaving a lasting impact. [7'30"]
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Cortège
"Cortège" is a profoundly introspective piano solo, centered in B minor, and also arranged for a small orchestra. The composition unfolds with a sorrowful, melancholic descending melody that emerges over a static bass line of sustained tones, creating a haunting sense of inevitability. Delicate dynamics and a restrained, tender accompaniment intensify the emotional depth, enriching the music with layered textures and evocative color. The piece masterfully balances simplicity with power, using open and perfect intervals to establish an atmosphere of stark instability and tension. The interplay of sustained tones and open harmonies transforms the work into a poignant reflection on sorrow, loss, and the inevitability of mortality. "Cortège" resonates deeply, speaking to the universal human condition through its profound exploration of grief and contemplation. [5'00"]
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Crayon Turns [2 pianos]
"Crayon Turns" is a vividly imaginative two-piano composition that bursts with playful energy and dynamic interaction. The Secondo’s driving rhythmic propulsion underpins the Primo’s whimsical exploration of an endlessly looping ostinato, creating a lively, unpredictable dialogue between the two. Shimmering scalar passages and bold low accents punctuate the texture, while fleeting flourishes evoke a sense of spontaneous magic. The Primo’s octave motors, the core of the piece’s material, undergo subtle harmonic transformations, weaving through phrases that expand and contract with kaleidoscopic fluidity. The result is an ever-shifting, vibrant tapestry of sound and color, capturing the playful, boundless creativity reminiscent of a child’s crayon box, with each turn of phrase bringing new patterns and surprises. [4'00"]
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Crockett
"Crockett" is a deeply evocative piano solo that channels the haunting beauty and quiet intensity of the American South. Inspired by the winding rivers and sprawling bayous of East Texas, the piece is steeped in blues-infused melodies that echo with the weight of history and tradition. With a cinematic sweep and meticulous detail, "Crockett" guides the listener through a landscape rich with Southern Americana—rusted barbed wire fences, weathered graffiti, and long-abandoned railway lines—capturing the region's melancholic soul. The composition's intricate textures and introspective tone create a vivid, almost tactile atmosphere, inviting listeners to linger in a place where the echoes of the past remain palpable. "Crockett" resonates with the quiet power and understated drama of the South, offering a poignant meditation on place, memory, and time that lingers well beyond its final notes. [5'00"]
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Dawn
"Dawn" is a striking piano solo (also orchestrated) that vividly captures the vibrant colors and serene atmosphere of sunrise. Rooted in C major, the piece gradually unfolds, evoking the stillness and contemplation of early morning. Jubilant fanfares break through like the sun's first rays, expanding with rapid arpeggios, trilling passagework, and shimmering textures. Bold, radiant moments are interspersed with softer, reflective sections deepens the emotional impact, mirroring the delicate balance of light and shadow at dawn. These elements build to a climactic finale, reflecting the sun’s explosive energy as it ascends. Interspersed with hushed passages evoking nature's awakening, "Dawn" blends sweeping, impressionistic melodies with intense emotional resonance, leaving the listener in awe, as if witnessing the unfolding of a breathtaking sunrise. [8’00”]
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Distant Stars
"Distant Stars" is an exquisite piano composition that captivates the listener from its opening notes. The delicate octave inflections gradually give way to a wistful, chromatic melody propelled by broken chords, creating indistinct harmonies. Though tonally unstable, these chords infuse the music with urgency and emotional intensity. Notably, the piece avoids key signatures, allowing for greater freedom and fluidity, evoking a sense of boundless possibility and mystery. Each note twinkles like a star in an unknown cosmos, leading the listener on a captivating and unpredictable musical journey. The emotional nuances establish an intimate connection, offering a hauntingly beautiful and awe-inspiring experience. Through its delicate musical phrases, "Distant Stars" celebrates the wonder and beauty of the celestial bodies that have inspired humanity for centuries. [4'00"]
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Duris
"Duris" is a powerful orchestral work in a minor key that masterfully captures the essence of post-minimalism. It explores contrasting melodic lines and rippling undercurrents that propel the piece forward with relentless momentum. The rich harmonic palette balances dissonance and consonance, while dark, brooding tones evoke a profound emotional depth. The energy of the piece builds through overlapping layers of rhythm and texture, creating a dynamic interplay that pushes the composition to greater complexity. Shifting rhythms and modalities heighten the tension, creating moments of dramatic release and adding layers of intrigue. The fractured rhythmic motifs, both compelling and unpredictable, immerse the listener in a vivid, energetic soundscape. As the piece unfolds, it reveals a relentless drive, pulling the audience into an immersive experience where every gesture feels both deliberate and unpredictable, echoing the relentless forces of nature. [10'30"]
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Ear-Catchers
Catchy and infectious, "Ear Catchers" is a piano solo that skillfully blends the harmonic progressions of popular music with a modernist flair. Drawing inspiration from the cultural zeitgeist, the piece explores the intersection of contemporary and traditional styles in a captivating way. A playful, syncopated rhythm propels the momentum, creating an irresistibly groovy feel, while shifting textures and unexpected accents add layers of complexity to the underlying pulse. The interplay between melodic lines creates a sense of spontaneity, keeping the listener engaged with its constant evolution. The harmonies offer adventurous twists that elevate the work beyond simple pastiche. With its innovative approach to style-blending, "Ear Catchers" delights and surprises, showcasing the enduring appeal of popular music in a fresh, dynamic light. [2'30"]
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East Bell Ave.
"East Bell Ave." is an introspective four-hand piano composition that beautifully captures the essence of personal reflection. The piece begins with a hesitant, contemplative opening, evoking nostalgia and introspection, gradually transforming into an elaborate statement through the Andante Molto Sostenuto. The poignant contrast introduced by the second bridge adds layers of longing and depth. The final statement of the theme interweaves with Secondo’s echoing material, creating a thoughtful dialogue between the two pianists. With its tender melodic lines and nuanced phrasing, the piece evokes a wistful sense of nostalgia, serving as a touching tribute to personal growth. It invites listeners to pause and reflect on their own journeys of self-discovery and the passage of time. [3'30"]
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8 Elizabethan Dances
"Eight Elizabethan Dances" is a refined solo piano collection that captures the spirit of 18th-century Old English dance styles. Blending neo-Classical and medieval influences, the suite offers vibrant, exotic textures across the piano’s full range. Each movement is intricately crafted, weaving together elegant harmonies and rhythmic complexity. Though rooted in the sound world of the period, these are original compositions, skillfully designed to evoke the character of historical dance forms. From lively peasant tunes to graceful courtly dances, the collection presents fresh interpretations with moments of striking beauty, whimsy, and drama. From the energetic “Volta” to the noble “Pavane,” the dances create a dynamic and captivating musical journey, merging tradition with modern sensibilities in a bold and imaginative tapestry. [15'00"]
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Embers
"Embers" is a piano solo that blends impressionistic and aleatoric techniques to create an ethereal soundscape. Blurred tones and shimmering textures evoke sparks flickering across the piano’s range, gradually giving way to elaborate motifs that sparkle with beauty. The harmonic landscape is rich yet subtle, requiring the pianist to navigate delicate shifts in tone and color. The piece centers on sparse, beguiling textures, interspersed with moments of silence. Shifting between tumultuous intensity and delicate nuances, the music captivates with its disjointed melodic fragments. The pianist’s touch is crucial, revealing the intricacies of this fleeting, kaleidoscopic work. "Embers" is both haunting and unpredictable, immersing the listener in a world of shifting light and color. [13'00"]
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Etude in E
"Etude in E" re-imagines an early musical form, weaving cascading arpeggios into mesmerizing harmonies and circular patterns that create a captivating listening experience. The piece unfolds as a rich tapestry of sound, with harmonies building in excitement and exploring deeper key centers before returning to E major. Despite its minimalist nature, the work reveals a sophisticated, tertiary-like structure, evolving organically and leading the listener on a journey of discovery. As the arpeggios grow increasingly ornate, the music gains momentum, culminating in an exhilarating and deeply satisfying climax. Balancing simplicity with complexity, the etude offers a compelling blend of clarity and harmonic richness. [4’00"]
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Factory
"Factory" is an impressive solo piano composition, weaving a complex web of dense harmonic support punctuated by rapid, forceful rhythmic strikes. This commanding work boasts a vivid, muscular sound, with boldly scored flourishes, shifting key centers, and mechanistic rhythms that traverse the entire keyboard. From its pulsating opening to the relentless, percussive blows that mimic the sharp strikes of a jackhammer, "Factory" exudes immense power. The piece is a dizzying ascent into an expansive musical landscape, perpetually spinning its momentum through unresolved tonalities and culminating in a breathtaking climax of turbulent energy. [4’30”]
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Fireworks
"Fireworks" ignites with brilliance, capturing the spectacle and excitement of its namesake through virtuosic artistry and technical mastery. The piece bursts with cascading notes that shimmer across the keyboard, interspersed with dense chords that resonate like booming fireworks. In the B-section, the music pauses for quiet introspection, with delicate trills, tremolos, and flashes of color evoking the soft glow after a firework fades. This calm is soon swept away by a surge of energy, culminating in a kaleidoscopic finale that mirrors the final, breathtaking explosion of a fireworks show. Each texture and fingering is crafted for clarity and balance, with rapid shifts in mood and timbre providing continuous sparkle and contrast, resulting in a dazzling, unforgettable display. [7’00”]
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5 Boston Accents
"Five Boston Accents" is a dynamic five-movement piano solo, with each movement offering a distinct style while maintaining a cohesive thematic connection through accented articulations. The piece blends an unpretentious charm with intricate, innovative writing, exploring ornamental accompaniment and cross-hand exchanges that create stylized melodic contours mirroring speech rhythms. Complex, syncopated rhythms generate a captivating atmosphere that is both intellectually stimulating and emotionally charged. The technical demands are expertly balanced, showcasing the full range of the piano with surges of raw power and dramatic flair. Its interludes are a ricochet of complications, executed with contrapuntal turbulence and unyielding emotion. This composition highlights the composer’s inventive approach and masterful command, resulting in a work that is both intellectually engaging and emotionally stirring. [11’00”]
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5 Japanese Gardens
"Five Japanese Gardens" is a suite of five movements that explores contrasting soundscapes through a sophisticated blend of Far Eastern influences and contemporary Western compositional techniques. Each movement presents fresh thematic material, drawing on the modal structures and pentatonic scales of traditional Japanese folk music while weaving them into impressionistic harmonies. The free-form fantasias are masterfully scored, with delicate orchestration that emphasizes tonal color and subtle dynamic shifts, creating soundscapes that are both restrained and immersive. By emulating the reflective serenity of Japanese gardens, "Five Japanese Gardens" honors traditional musical forms while crafting a sonic landscape that mirrors the peaceful contemplation found within these sacred spaces. [10’00”]
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Flamingos
"Flamingos" is a playful solo piano composition that invites the listener on a whimsical journey through clusters of muted chromatic notes darting across the keyboard. Buoyant and carefree, the piece delights in its spontaneous rhythms and asymmetrical time signatures, capturing the essence of unbridled fun. The music challenges the pianist’s dexterity and control as they navigate kaleidoscopic patterns that evoke the joyful leaps of a pet animal on the keys. This thrilling exploration of sound pushes the boundaries of traditional piano technique, emphasizing rapidity, rhythm, and quietness over conventional melodies. The listener is immersed in a vibrant sonic landscape, brimming with the spirited energy of flamingos, reveling in the freedom of its unpredictable, whimsical world. [5'00"]
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Fog Rolls
"Fog Rolls" is a powerful and evocative piano solo, filled with dissonant, bell-like resonances that linger in a dense, enveloping mist. The piece radiates intensity as the pianist employs all ten fingers to create a massive, full-bodied sound, producing remarkable depth and sonority. At its core, slow-moving masses of sound cascade through resonant tones, punctuated by moments of calm, gray stillness. Spanning the piano’s full range, the sustain pedal skillfully ties disparate tonal centers into a swirling, cohesive current. As sustained tones fade, new colors and textures emerge, creating a dynamic interplay between the hands. Unexpected dissonances and thick chordal clusters enrich the piece’s layered soundscape, offering an exploration of unconventional timbres and textures in this contemplative meditation on depth and resonance. [3'30"]
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from 'A Book of Spells'
"from 'A Book of Spells'" is a captivating and ephemeral piece for solo piano, crafted with intricate attention to detail. The delicate yet purposeful interplay between the right and left hands creates a sense of motion and momentum that is both fluid and precise. The tonal pitch cells, carefully constructed by the composer, provide a rich harmonic landscape that is both elusive and enchanting. The work's brevity serves as an advantage, allowing the listener to fully immerse themselves in its radiant aura without distraction. The piece transports the listener to a unique sound world that feels ethereal and otherworldly, evoking a sense of wonder and magical mystery. The quiet delicacy of the music belies its depth and complexity, revealing new layers with each subsequent listening. [1'30"]
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Gargoyles
"Gargoyles" is a dynamic and powerful piano solo, drawing its energy from the raw intensity of rock music. The piece’s heavy-handed chords and repetitive ostinatos in the left hand establish a driving pulse, while the right hand injects vibrant, exciting rhythms and jagged, asymmetrical phrases. This interplay results in a cohesive and compelling work that masterfully balances stability and instability, dissonance and consonance, as well as relentless momentum with sparks of vibrant color. While the piece evokes a macabre and grisly simplicity, it also highlights the pianist's skill in navigating its turbulent and distorted passages. "Gargoyles" is a thrilling, invigorating composition—equally impressive to play as it is to experience. [1’00”]
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Gray and Green Lines
"Gray and Green Lines" is a mesmerizing post-minimalist piano solo that highlights the intricate interplay between the left and right hands. Through syncopated patterns and shifting sonorities, the piece weaves a swirling, disjointed yet captivating soundscape. The title is reflected in the rich tonal colors punctuating the music, with vibrant grey and green lines evoking a meteoric skyline. The piece carries a reflective quality, marked by a wistful, twisting melody and displaced intervals that intertwine with bursts of fragmented harmonies. The result is both rhythmically compelling and texturally nuanced, delivering a complex and deeply satisfying listening experience. [3’30”]
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Hatcher’s Pond
"Hatcher’s Pond" is a captivating piano solo that draws from modal traditions, featuring shifting tonal centers and sparse left-hand accompaniment to create a haunting, introspective atmosphere. Slowly evolving pulses, starting at a set tempo and fading like whispers, craft an enigmatic soundscape that captivates the listener. The right hand traces delicate melodic contours, with subtle dynamic variations adding emotional depth and nuance. These melodic strands are carefully woven into a cohesive, moody composition, inviting the audience into a mysterious world of unstable harmonic progressions and elusive structures. The result is a hypnotic, immersive piece that lingers in the mind long after the final note has faded. [3’30"]
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House on 16 ½
"House on 16 ½" marks the composer's debut in solo piano composition and the beginning of an exploration through diverse styles, forms, and genres. Driven by his deep connection to the piano, he created works ranging from brief, one-minute pieces to expansive half-hour soundscapes, reflecting the influences and techniques that shaped his musical journey. This house, significant as the birthplace of his artistry, was also where he collaborated with 16-time Grammy-winner David Foster, whose encouragement fueled Nathan’s passion for music. The composition’s recurring melody, colored by modal inflections, captures southern harmonies with directness and rich sonority. The haunting motif resonates with emotional depth, foreshadowing the melodic wonders to come and standing as a testament to the composer's dedication, creativity, and pursuit of artistic expression. [4'00"]
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How to Paint Birds
"How to Paint Birds" is a vibrant and minimalist piano solo that highlights the composer's refined use of melody and texture. With a sparse harmonic palette, the piece evokes a sense of openness, inviting the listener to immerse in the delicate interplay of colors and melodies. Each note is carefully placed, carrying a sense of purpose that enhances the richness and depth of the composition. The music mirrors the vivid hues and textures of a bird’s plumage, while capturing the playful whimsy often associated with avian life. Melodies flit and soar like birds in flight, taking the listener on a joyful, airy journey. The minimalist approach lends the piece an elegant refinement, with every note thoughtfully chosen to create a harmonious whole. It’s a testament to the composer's ability to craft beauty and meaning through simplicity, inviting the listener to pause, reflect, and appreciate the everyday wonders around us. In its own way, it celebrates life and the beauty found in the smallest, often overlooked moments. [5'00"]
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Hymne
While practicing the piano, the composer stumbled upon the opening phrase that sparked the inspiration for "Hymn." Swiftly capturing the four-part melody, the piece, despite its brevity, conveys a remarkable sense of fulfillment that resonates beyond its initial creation. As one of the composer's earliest works, "Hymn" exemplifies the beauty of simplicity and melody. Its structure, though modest, offers profound emotional depth, creating a powerful connection between performer and listener. Its delicate, reverent tones evoke the solemnity and transcendence of a sacred hymn, providing a contemplative and soul-stirring musical experience. With its graceful melody and poignant harmonies, "Hymn" speaks to the timeless, enduring nature of music, inviting listeners to immerse themselves in its serene, meditative atmosphere. [1'00"]
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I Have Longed to Move Away
"I Have Longed to Move Away" is a poignant and emotional piano solo that gradually transforms into a captivating and calming syncopated lullaby. Inspired by a line from a Dylan Thomas poem about the yearning to escape and the tender pull of nostalgia, the piece weaves together a sense of longing and comfort. The left-hand accompaniment is gentle, creating a serene atmosphere, while the right-hand melody soars above, featuring a delightful interplay between the hands that is both playful and rhythmic. Divided into two contrasting sections, the composition employs soothing diatonic tones, with subtle hints of other modalities, resulting in a hushed and subtly complex tone poem that tugs at the heartstrings. The carefully layered textures and shifting moods enhance its emotional depth, making it a deeply moving work that evokes powerful and reflective emotions in listeners. [3'30"]
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In the Free and Easy
"In the Free and Easy" is a thought-provoking, jazz-influenced piano solo that unfolds in two interconnected sections, each with its own subtitle: "Delancey" and "Mercer." The composition centers around a single short motive that undergoes continuous variation, a technique inspired by Schoenberg's study of harmony. While not strictly adhering to the twelve-tone row, this experimental approach allows the piece to explore a broader emotional range and greater formal flexibility than the composer's previous works, which incorporated jazz, Copland-esque, and blues inflections on a smaller scale. As the piece evolves organically, it gradually broadens its stylistic horizons, drawing on folk influences to create a more accessible, widely resonant work. With its subtle yet captivating nuances and the sophisticated interplay of melody, harmony, and rhythm, the composition highlights the composer's command of both jazz and classical traditions, crafting a compelling dialogue between the two. [7'00"]
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Introduction & Capriccio
"Introduction & Capriccio" is a dynamic two-movement piano solo that showcases the composer's versatility with contrasting moods. The piece opens with an impressionistic style, featuring effervescent tonalities and a commanding, scale-based section that recurs throughout, creating a dance-like quality in the brief yet captivating "Introduction." The interplay between the hands highlights the composer's technical skill, leading to an abrupt conclusion that suspends time and motion. The second movement, "Capriccio," played leggiero, features a rich texture and dynamic narrative. Spirited and assertive, it twists through appoggiatura-like scale fragments and punctuated dissonances, culminating in a powerful and energetic finale. [4'00"]
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Jester
"Jester" is a playful and delightful jazz-inspired piano composition that transforms a single motif into a whimsical and spontaneous musical journey. The piece alternates between sparse, intimate passages and lively, polyrhythmic improvisations, allowing the motif to evolve and take on new forms. The interplay between the two accompanying pianos adds a dynamic complexity, as rhythms and melodies weave together to create a unique and captivating experience. "Jester" embodies the lively spirit of its namesake, with a playful, lighthearted tone that dances between moments of mischievousness and joy. The shifting rhythms and buoyant melodies evoke the image of a jester juggling and jesting through life, spreading cheer with every note. This jubilant piece not only celebrates the joy that music can bring, but also leaves the listener feeling uplifted and energized, making it an engaging and memorable musical adventure. [5'30"]
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Junk Mail
"Junk Mail" is a captivating piano solo composed of seven brief movements, each lasting less than a minute. The movement titles were inspired by actual junk mail received in Los Angeles on a particular day, and the abstract music reflects the Dadaist movement's philosophy of challenging traditional norms and expectations. The playful and unexpected nature of the piece mirrors the randomness of junk mail, with each movement offering a unique glimpse into everyday absurdity. The movements are titled in the order of the junk mail received: "Furniture Sale," "Coupons," "Two Local Pizza Menus (A and B)," "Vote for Congressman Bloomfield," "The Neighbor's Mail (again)," "Continuing Education Coursework," and "Hi-Speed Bundles." By transforming the mundane into an engaging musical exploration, "Junk Mail" invites listeners to experience the intersection of art and chance, revealing how inspiration can arise from even the most unlikely sources. Each movement's brevity and quirkiness enhance the piece's overall charm, offering a whimsical yet thought-provoking miniatures on modern life's fleeting moments. [5'00"]
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Kentucky Harmony [2 pianos]
"Kentucky Harmony" is a two-movement composition for two pianos that celebrates the American musical tradition through intricate melodies, distinctive harmonies, and playful rhythms. The first movement opens with a lively, syncopated, fiddle-like tune that develops through dynamic call-and-response patterns between the two pianos. Mixed meters and blues-inflected harmonies evoke a distinctly American sound, honoring the country's musical heritage. In the second movement, long, linear lines blend with complex rhythmic fragments, adding whimsy and humor to the otherwise serious and evocative music. The composition's intricate melodies, complex harmonies, and rhythmic interplay make it a unique celebration of America's diverse and eclectic musical legacy. [10'00"]
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Lamentations
"Lamentations" is a beautifully crafted piano piece that evokes a spiritual, timeless atmosphere. Balancing serious tones with energetic motion, it fully explores the piano’s unique qualities. Subtle modality and rhapsodic contrasts between dissonance and flowing melodies create a dynamic interplay of sound. Inspired by the Book of Lamentations, its contemplative mood and hymn-like melody enrich the textured score, while its emotional intensity recalls Stravinsky. At just five minutes, "Lamentations" offers a poignant and powerful musical journey, blending gentleness, mystery, and nostalgia with ancient echoes. The composition’s emotional depth lingers, leaving a lasting impact on the listener long after the final note. Its rich harmonic language and delicate phrasing invite repeated listening to uncover further nuances. [5'00"]
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Little Toy Machines
"Little Toy Machines" is a ten-movement piano solo that explores the small, quiet sounds and sound effects of children's toys, using them as inspiration for its musical themes. The result is an experimental work that highlights the intricate workings of each toy through delicate melodies and playful rhythms. With movements like "Wind-Up Circus Bear" and "Flipping Monkey with Cymbals," the piece evokes a whimsical and nostalgic atmosphere that is both charming and sophisticated. The small scale of the toy sounds is expressed through expectant, veiled, and hushed tones, creating a soundscape that is both subtle and captivating. "Little Toy Machines" is a delightful and substantial work that reveals the unique beauty of everyday objects, offering a whimsical journey through the sonic world of childhood and reminding us of the simple joys and magic of playtime. [13'00"]
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Mae Roe’s Hands
The piano solo "Mae Roe's Hands" evokes a sense of austere elegance, featuring interwoven melodies and rich harmonic colors. The delicate use of open and perfect intervals adds sophistication to its already lush and skillfully crafted score. While influences are evident, the composition maintains a distinct identity and contemporary flavor, drawing from southern bluegrass traditions. With its cinematic orientation, the piece takes the listener on a journey through the stark American landscape, capturing a contemplative mood with artful precision. In just four minutes, "Mae Roe's Hands" showcases the composer's remarkable talent and the expressive potential of the piano, inviting the listener to explore its meandering melodies and timeless beauty. [4'30"]
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Mainsail
"Mainsail" is a mesmerizing minimalist piano solo centered in Bb major, creating a propulsive momentum that evokes the image of sails guiding a mighty ship through undulating waves of sound. High-pitched guideposts mark the static melodic material, while heaping washes of traditional harmonies echo the delicate beauty of early French music. The piece demands precise hand balancing to bring out its blurred lines and shimmering textures, akin to navigating a ship through unpredictable waters. As the music unfolds, it conjures the vastness and power of the ocean, with its rhythms ebbing and flowing like tides. "Mainsail" is a captivating tribute to the beauty and majesty of the sea, capturing the essence of minimalist music in a stunning and evocative journey that immerses the listener in its sonic waves. Through its layered harmonies and fluid motion, the piece invites a deep and reflective experience, drawing parallels between the natural world and musical expression. [6’30”]
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Meat on Bone
"Meat on Bone" is an experimental piano solo in seven brief movements that explores extreme soft dynamics and the full range of the piano. The piece plays with space, silence, and fragmented gestures, eschewing traditional harmonic or melodic vocabularies. It features quick, fleeting moments of agitation and obstinacy, followed by evaporating fades. Rather than following a typical musical narrative, the work is an intellectual exploration of truncated nuances and fragmentation. Looping and continuous refrains punctuate silences, creating delicate, sparse iterations that gradually form patterns and designs. Rhythmic ticks and familiar musical echoes contrast with the piece's overall structure, which alternates between slowness and frenzied tempi. "Meat on Bone" is a unique and thought-provoking composition, inviting the listener to experience music from a fresh, unconventional perspective. [14’00”]
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The Mississippi
"The Mississippi" is a shimmering, quiet piano solo that beautifully captures the serene majesty of the iconic river. With a delicate touch, the piece creates a gentle ebb and flow, evocative of the river's slow, winding current. The use of tremolos gives the music a shimmering quality, like sunlight dancing on the water's surface. The tonal center shifts gracefully between D major and minor, weaving a delicate interplay of harmony and melody that enhances the peaceful ambiance. Subtle guideposts mark quieter moments, like hidden bends in the river, inviting the listener to discover the piece's tranquil depths. The composition pays tribute not only to the beauty of the Mississippi but also to its timeless, contemplative presence. Jazz-infused nuances ripple through the music, conjuring images of lazy afternoons drifting along its calm waters. "The Mississippi" is a captivating homage to the American river's serene grandeur, evoking both a sense of nostalgia and quiet reflection, allowing listeners to immerse themselves in its meditative, flowing rhythms. [3'30"]
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Music for Young People
"Music for Young People" is a suite of nine piano solo movements specifically crafted for advancing intermediate pianists. Each piece features heavily chromatic and moderately dissonant twentieth-century tonality in miniature character sketches, with varying degrees of aggression and lyricism. The movements range from one to three minutes in length, offering a diverse array of musical styles and dynamics. The collection presents a balanced mix of challenging finger dexterity, harmonic activity, contrapuntal density, and metrical shifts, while remaining engaging and satisfying. The musical progressions that underpin the suite’s structure provide a strong foundation for young musicians seeking an introduction to advanced forms of contemporary classical music. The movements are titled as follows: 1) "Deliberately"; 2) "Dreamily"; 3) "Agitato"; 4) "Andante con passionata"; 5) "Marche"; 6) "Allegro con dolore"; 7) "Pomposo"; 8) "Molto allegro"; 9) "Prestissimo fantastico." [18'00"]
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Neches
"Neches" is a two-movement piano solo that exudes a distinctive and lively character. Although the movements are unnamed, they form a cohesive work that conveys two contrasting emotions in a concise and aphoristic style. Inspired by serial techniques and as a response to the pervasive musical teachings of the West Coast, the piece is atonal yet retains a lyrical quality, utilizing fleeting but evocative dodecaphonic inflections. The title pays homage to a small Texas town near the composer’s childhood home, evoking the image of a meandering river that weaves together various melodies, reminiscent of the bayous of East Texas. The flowing and unpredictable nature of the composition mirrors the winding paths of these rivers, with themes that rise and dissipate like water currents. "Neches" presents a unique and captivating musical journey, balancing playfulness with thoughtful introspection, and offering a subtle blend of modernist techniques with personal nostalgia. [6'00"]
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Night Sea Nocturnes
"Night Sea Nocturnes" is a beautifully crafted three-movement piano solo, inspired by the captivating and tumultuous Pacific Ocean as experienced by the composer while living in Los Angeles. This triptych reflects the gentle undulations of the tide, evoking a range of emotions from the powerful surging energy of ocean waves to the vastness of the horizon. The full range of the piano is employed to create an immersive experience, with the first movement featuring billowing arpeggios that mimic the call-and-response of the waves. The second and third movements offer abstract sketches of the sea, with descending lines and complex rhythms that convey the ocean's passionate and expressive temperament. The piece moves through biting, disjointed harmonies, with haunting developments underscored by subtle background shadings that mirror the interplay of light and shadow on the water’s surface. This suite captures the mesmerizing beauty and unpredictable nature of the Pacific Ocean, inviting listeners to experience its depth and drama. [6’00”]
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Nocturne
The solo piano composition "Nocturne" is a striking work that showcases the composer’s technical and creative prowess. Built around a distinctive three-note motif, the piece skillfully develops and harmonizes this theme, drawing inspiration from the rich, seductive harmonies of Scriabin. Ornamental rhythms and an expansive tonal range contribute to a warm, full-bodied sound rarely achieved in solo piano compositions. Structured in ternary form, the piece offers a clear, cohesive progression with a compelling narrative arc. The low tessitura and exploration of minor and modal tonalities evoke a deep sense of introspection, immersing the listener in a contemplative atmosphere. The nuanced harmonic language, combined with moments of rhythmic subtlety, captures the quiet mystery of night, making it a deeply evocative and reflective work. [5'00"]
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Nuns on the Beach
"Nuns on the Beach" is a serene and contemplative piano piece that gently envelops the listener in a peaceful world of quiet reflection. The delicate melody in the right hand is beautifully crafted and supported by a subdued, atmospheric accompaniment in the left. Punctuated pauses and moments of stillness create a spaciousness that enhances the composition's tranquility, allowing each note to be played with deliberate care, revealing the subtle nuances of the melody. These carefully timed silences bring a sense of calm and depth, enriching the meditative quality of the piece. The result is a soothing and reflective work that invites listeners to ponder the peacefulness and simplicity of a life lived in harmony with both nature and one's inner self, offering a moment of calm in a hectic world. [5'00"]
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On the Studied Foot of Motion
"On the Studied Foot of Motion" is a solo piano piece that explores the interplay of bleak harmonies, syncopated melodies, and undulating rhythms in a stark and reflective manner. It opens with an unaccompanied introduction, setting the tone for the entire composition. Asymmetrical phrases freely evolve into continuous strands of tone rows and cell permutations. Quiet pulses of minor sonorities and repetitive, ostinato-like patterns create a hypnotic effect, fragmenting, reproducing, and overlapping onto themselves. The piece's somber mood is captured through its hushed reverence and balanced sonorities, forming a contrapuntal, crystalline texture. Internal accents and billowing phrases enhance its reflective nature, inviting the listener to contemplate the underlying themes of motion and stillness. [3’00”]
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One Pound of Strawberries
"One Pound of Strawberries" is a minimalist piano solo, substantial in scope and strictly adhering to the genre's form and style. Built on a foundation of repeated, piercing pitches layered over an underlying rush of notes, the piece creates an undulating tapestry of sound that is both mesmerizing and hypnotic. The upper, static notes contrast with dynamic, punctuated bass interruptions, adding depth and movement. Through constant repetition of simple motifs and rhythms, the piece evokes a sense of timelessness and meditative calm. The interplay between the high, static pitches and the swirling, ostinato-like middle ground forms an impression of blurred lines and fluttering shapes. It captures the essence of minimalism, building gradually and methodically, like the accumulation of strawberries reaching one pound. [12'00"]
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Orange & Yellow Ochre
"Orange & Yellow Ochre" is a piano solo inspired by the harmonic and melodic styles of the twentieth century. The piece opens with low rumbling notes that swiftly ascend in a scalar motion, creating a sense of urgency and intensity. Delicate arpeggios, soft trills, and wandering lyrical lines contribute to the overall somber mood, evoking the autumn colors that inspired the work. A wide range of textural and dynamic shifts paint a vivid picture of rustling, quivering, and swirling gestures reminiscent of an autumn breeze. The warm, earthy tones of orange and yellow ochre are reflected in the music’s rich harmonies and glowing sonorities, capturing the vivid vibrancy of autumn’s changing hues. The result is music that is both tactile and disarmingly innocent, with a haunting quality that lingers in the listener's memory. [2’30”]
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Oviedo
"Oviedo" is a piano solo that elicits a strong emotional response with its mournful, chromatic ostinato and bold key of B minor. The piece features dynamic shifts, tempo changes, and various harmonic centers, ultimately resolving back to the tonic. The contrasting passages between delicate, fleeting moments and forceful, resonant chords create a dramatic tension that heightens the listener's experience. Heavy full chords and rubato enhance its expressive quality, building to a powerful climax before fading into a series of echoing whispers. It's a captivating work, showcasing the pianist's ability to convey deep, complex emotions through its low, dense, and compelling harmonies. Inspired by the rich history and atmosphere of the Spanish city, the piece mirrors the architectural beauty and cultural depth of Oviedo, capturing both its grandeur and quiet introspection in musical form. [3'00"]
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Owls
"Owls" is a captivating solo piano composition that enchants with its intricate, fiery notes, offbeat accents, and commanding, heavy-handed approach. The interplay between the left hand's dense, low chords and the right hand's delicate broken arpeggios showcases the piece's musical complexity and sophistication. Designed to explore the full range of the piano, this impressionistic work reflects meticulous attention to detail and a careful balance that defines masterful composition. Its austere quality evokes a deep, intense darkness, contrasting with the dynamic drama unfolding within. The richly textured, intricately woven elements merge seamlessly, creating a powerful and resonant performance. As the music unfolds, it conjures images of mysterious owls gliding silently through the night, their presence felt in the shadows, adding a haunting layer to the work's evocative atmosphere. [5’00”]
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Pacifica-Atlantica
"Pacifica-Atlantica" is a minimalist piano composition that draws its strength from repeating patterns rooted in a melodic and harmonic progression. The deliberate use of repetition allows the listener to become gradually acquainted with the motifs before new fragments are introduced and intricately woven into the original material. As the piece evolves, these new elements blend seamlessly with the established themes, creating a sense of continuous development. This structured exploration of minimalism centers on the careful expansion of a few core ideas, manipulating time and space to craft a work that feels both cohesive and introspective. The layering of motifs, paired with subtle variations, invites the listener into a meditative experience, where repetition fosters both familiarity and discovery. [3'30"]
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Piano Sonata No. 1
"Piano Sonata No. 1" is a dynamic and vibrant composition, consisting of three movements that span approximately 20 minutes. The work features a robust, opulent melody that radiates a celebratory atmosphere, underpinned by cosmopolitan eclecticism. Throughout the sonata, throbbing gestures, poetic linear lines, and energetic bursts of colorful sound create a lively and immersive experience. The composer fully exploits the piano's range, juxtaposing stark dissonances with fluid, arpeggiated passages, resulting in a fresh and distinctive musical journey. The music incorporates a synthesized blend of styles, paying subtle homage to Morton Gould, yet maintaining its own voice. At its core, "Piano Sonata No. 1" is a luminous and lyrical piece, blending urban influences with a personal, intimate touch. Bursting with energy, uneven meters, and diverse modes of expression, it offers an exhilarating and unique musical landscape. [11'00"]
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Questions for an Overcast Day
"Questions for an Overcast Day" is a minimalist piano solo that captures the introspection and subtle melancholy suggested by its title. The piece unfolds with a delicate, slowly unwinding melody that repeats and evolves, evoking a somber and emotional atmosphere. The left hand provides a steady harmonic and rhythmic pulse, while the right hand's single-note melody weaves a gentle, beguiling effect. Inspired by a poetic verse displayed in a modern art gallery in Los Angeles, the music’s slow-moving chord progressions and twisting melodic lines create a mood of quiet reflection. The narrowly defined tonal centers and sense of contemplative timelessness give the piece an austere, suggestive quality, inviting the listener to linger on its questions, much like those prompted by a cloudy, uncertain day. [3'30"]
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The Raven
Inspired by Edgar Allan Poe's famous poem, "The Raven" is a cinematic and virtuosic piano solo that demands exceptional dexterity from the performer. The piece moves at a fast pace, conjuring a sense of urgency and foreboding that mirrors the dark themes of Poe's work. Richly expressive melodies and intricate harmonic textures characterize the music, requiring the pianist to navigate a complex web of arpeggios, trills, and rapid runs that evoke the fluttering wings and haunting cries of the titular bird. Like Poe's poem, it invites deep contemplation and reflection. It is a haunting and emotionally charged composition, capturing the brooding and macabre essence of Poe's vision. The music unfolds in carefully crafted cascades of scales, building tension and drama with each passage. A stunning showcase of technical prowess and musical sensitivity, it is a work of great beauty and depth, serving as a fitting tribute to one of literature's most iconic figures. [2'30"]
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Roman Cathedrals
"Roman Cathedrals" is a piano solo in eight movements, capturing the essence of ancient Roman architecture and culture through varied musical styles. Each movement builds on the overarching theme, evoking powerful emotions with vivid textures and dynamic pacing. From seductive, disquieting harmonies in the first movement to nuanced characterizations in later sections, the work blends postmodern styles, pushing the composer’s harmonies into greater piquancy. Inspired by visits to Roman cathedrals and their architecture, each movement reflects the grandeur of Roman life, from towering spires to intricately decorated crypts and stained glass mandorias. This virtuosic piece is a tribute to the beauty of ancient architecture and the enduring legacy of Roman culture, brought to life through the pianist's dexterity. The eight movements are: (1) "Doorway with Arms of Counts of Chazay," (2) "Tower Spires," (3) "Caryatids of the Four Continents," (4) "A Frieze of Painted Figures Decorating the Crypts," (5) "A Series of Barrel Vault Arches," (6) "Medieval Stained Glass Mandorias," (7) "Panels for the Rectable of Agnade Beaufremont," and (8) "The Octagonal Baptistery Altarpiece." [17'00"]
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Running of the Bulls
"Running of the Bulls" is a virtuosic piano solo that captures the spirit of the annual festival in Pamplona, Spain, with its frenzied energy, adrenaline-fueled urgency, and raw power. Drawing inspiration from the wild and chaotic scenes of bulls stampeding through narrow streets, the piece unleashes a barrage of aggressive rhythms, jagged melodies, and dissonant harmonies, with each hand fighting for dominance in a fiercely competitive exchange. At times, the music evokes the blaring trumpets and pounding drums of the festival's marching bands, with sections of bitonality and harmonic parallelism adding to the thrilling disorientation of the musical landscape. The relentless surges of sound mimic the intensity of the stampede, while rapid tempo shifts reflect the unpredictability of the race. The music drives forward with unrelenting force, building to a climactic finale that captures the exhilarating rush of the festival's signature moment. It is a musical tribute to the storied traditions of Pamplona, honoring the courage and thrill-seeking spirit of those who participate in this dangerous and exciting spectacle. [6'00"]
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Sailboats of Cannes
Inspired by the composer's visit to Cannes, "Sailboats of Cannes" is a refined two-movement collection of solo piano dances that elegantly captures the essence of the French Riviera. Both movements are anchored by a duple tango rhythm, enhanced by vibrant bitonal and polytonal harmonies that evoke the progressive chromaticism of early 20th-century French music. Infused with Brazilian rhythmic patterns, the work combines Latin pulses with original folk-like melodies, which gracefully traverse the complex harmonic landscape. Breaking away from traditional forms, the two dances echo the playful innocence of children’s games and the theatrical charm of harlequinade, blending whimsy with sophisticated harmonic textures. The fusion of South American rhythmic complexity with French elegance presents a stylized interpretation of the tango, featuring multi-layered voices and subtle harmonic shading. While its structure may appear simple, the music's intricate rhythmic interplay and chromatic progressions evoke the serene atmosphere of sailboats drifting along the Cannes coastline, reflecting the effortless beauty and cultural fusion of the Mediterranean. [5'30"]
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A Single Air Rifle Shot
"A Single Air Rifle Shot" is a meticulously crafted minimalist piano solo that captures a distinctive and cohesive personal voice. Departing from the conventions of contemporary music, the piece employs a repetitive cell structure to evoke a profound sense of tension and release. Over its eight-minute span, oscillating left- and right-hand punctuated chords in radiant Ab major move through half a dozen key centers, navigating a fluid cycle of parallel chromatic mediants. These shifting tonalities sculpt an immersive and dynamic soundscape that draws the listener inward. The B-section, characterized by undulating triplet patterns and motivic rhythms, provides a striking counterpoint to the opening's rapidly repeating chords in fresh tonal areas. This juxtaposition highlights the elegance and complexity of minimalist music, underscoring the power of musical contrast, akin to the poised tension of a loaded gun. [8’00”]
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Six Canaries
"Six Canaries" is a solo piano piece consisting of six short movements, each lasting less than a minute. While the movements are named after various canary species, the composition is not a simple imitation of birdsong. Instead, it draws inspiration from the cacophony of these birds, creating an imaginative and pianistically idiomatic sound world. The music is dissonant and suspenseful, featuring ornamental and virtuosic gestures that are colorful, jagged, and hauntingly beautiful. Intricate rhythms and cascading runs produce a clangorous, chime-like sound, enhanced by arpeggiating filigree. The contrapuntal themes and intertwining voices between the hands craft a compelling soundscape, building successive motifs within both tonal and non-tonal realms. As the movements unfold, the harmonies and melodies shift to more angular and poignant sounds, creating vivid theatrical moments with contrasting emotions. Despite its brevity, the piece is layered, visceral, and well-characterized, offering a richly hued topography that is both varied and delightfully entertaining. The six movements are: (1) Norwich, (2) Black-headed, (3) Parisian-frilled, (4) Stafford, (5) Crested, and (6) Yorkshire. [6’30”]
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Six Filament Etudes
"Six Filament Etudes" is a 20-minute piano solo that exemplifies virtuosic and dramatic piano writing. Each of the six etudes presents a range of complex technical challenges, showcasing the pianist's skill and interpretative ability. The pieces are linked by their intricate musical structure and sophisticated use of harmonies and rhythms, requiring intense concentration and musicality. Every etude navigates a distinct emotional and tonal landscape, with shifts from rapid, angular passages to more introspective and lyrical moments. Drawing from diverse stylistic influences, each etude offers a unique character, from rhapsodic and soaring to introspective and subdued. Like individual filaments, each movement threads together contrasting sound worlds, creating a vibrant tapestry where disparate musical textures and colors coexist and illuminate one another. [20'00"]
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Snow Falling Like a Benediction
"Snow Falling Like a Benediction" is a delicate piano solo in three movements, each capturing a stark, sparse winter scene. The piece evokes the imagery of bitter winter winds, snow, and muted, subtle tones, creating an atmosphere of frozen timelessness. The three movements—Moderate, Quickly, and Andante—progress in passionate expression, revealing the emotional depth of a multi-layered landscape. It explores simultaneous melodic lines and expansive chords, fitting together with the force of a sonata. The sustained rhythmic intricacy of each movement contrasts with slow-moving harmonies, producing a diatonically pleasing and reflective sound. With a strong sense of American consciousness, the piece captures the essence of a winter landscape through luminous and lyrical passages, transporting the listener to a serene, wintry world. [10’00”]
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Stranded Vessels [2 pianos]
"Stranded Vessels" is a captivating two-piano solo piece that beautifully captures the enigmatic and ever-changing nature of the sea. The haunting 6/8 sea shanty-like barcarolle, played in the melancholic mode of E minor, features the Primo’s wistful melody intertwined with the Secondo’s undulating sprays of ornamental material. This interplay between the two pianos creates a mesmerizing musical tapestry that transports the listener to the vast and mysterious ocean. The title, inspired by Thoreau's poignant quote, "One generation abandons the enterprises of another like stranded vessels," perfectly encapsulates the deeper themes of the piece. Just as the sea endures, witnessing the rise and fall of human ambition, the music evokes a sense of timelessness, reminding us of the countless abandoned vessels—both literal and symbolic—that are left behind in its depths. This serves as a powerful reflection on the transient nature of our endeavors, contrasted against the enduring presence of the ocean. [2'30"]
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Summer Fireflies
"Summer Fireflies" is an impressionistic solo piano piece that elegantly captures the enchanting atmosphere of a warm summer night. With trills, tremolos, and tumbling melodic fragments, the piece creates a mesmerizing soundscape, where swirling arpeggios provide a dazzling backdrop for suspended harmonies and delicate pitches to emerge. The full range of the keyboard is explored through graceful, descending, and skyrocketing gestures, requiring a gentle and subtle touch from the pianist. Through its delicate musical language, the piece captures the essence of the elusive and fleeting nature of fireflies, their soft glow akin to a distant lantern in the darkness. It is a musical representation of the magic and beauty of summer nights, where the sounds and sights of nature blend in perfect harmony. [3'30"]
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The Temptress Wine
"The Temptress Wine" is a piano solo that captures the essence of seduction and desire. Its expressive piano phrases, reminiscent of a temptress's alluring movements, ensnare the listener in a web of passion and forbidden longing. Composed in B minor, the piece’s restless momentum drives the listener forward, igniting primal urges. The chromatically unfolding piano part builds toward a climax of dynamic intensity, evoking intimate moments shared between two souls. The interaction of musical themes creates a rich tapestry of emotions, from ecstasy to reflection. Syncopated rhythms add excitement and intrigue, crafting a playful dance of seduction. This piece evokes a tantalizing world of lust and yearning, while expressing these themes with a sophistication that amplifies its powerful impact. [3'30"]
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The Tender Rain
"The Tender Rain" is an experimental ambient piece that weaves together tightly rotated pitch-class sets. Cascading onto the keyboard, these sets create a soothing, uneven pattern of tactile showering 'pings' and aftershocks. The piece’s intricate rhythms require careful two-handed execution, with liquid permutations that shift shape and bounce with agility. Ultimately, the music dissolves into a hushed sea of calm stillness, leaving only a tantalizing, misty patina in the listener’s mind. Large sections of contrasting open spaces give way to sprays of high-pitched tones, creating a cleansing, distilled nuance with vaporizing crystalline textures. Asymmetrical phrases and meters further enhance this effect, leaving behind little evidence of sound or activity. Instead, the listener is enveloped in an alluring and immersive experience of fading, decaying atmospheric sounds, evoking a sense of subtle wonder and serenity. [2’00"]
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Test Drive
"Test Drive" is a captivating and exhilarating piece, designed to showcase the virtuosity of solo pianists. The opening, featuring the evocative sound of a car's ignition starting three times, serves as an entrancing lead into the frenzied Presto tempo that follows. Cascading waves of brilliant passagework evoke an animated energy, sweeping both performer and listener through a series of key centers and torrents of streaming notes. The Prestissimo section embodies the car's raw power and speed as the performer's fingers fly across the keys with lightning-fast dexterity. The rapid tempo, cascading notes, and sudden key changes mimic the twists and turns of a thrilling high-speed car ride, taking the listener on an exciting musical journey. [7'00"]
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3 Ancient Preludes
"Three Ancient Preludes" weaves mystical and ancient musical elements throughout its three movements, conjuring the atmosphere of the ancient Roman world. The first movement is a commanding military march with a steady tonic-dominant bass line and minor-modal qualities, creating towering fanfare-like sounds. In contrast, the second movement offers a flowing 6/8 piece with rolling arpeggios that evoke the sound of the harp, transporting the listener to a distant time. The use of ancient modes, such as Dorian and Phrygian, further enhances the timeless and historical feel of the music. The third movement features Oriental-inflected motifs that evolve into an arabesque, with dreamlike chords painting an ethereal aura. This rich portrayal of the ancient Roman world mesmerizes with its vivid and atmospheric sound. [7'00"]
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3 Chorales
"Three Chorales" is a set of whimsical, satirical piano solos that break classical traditions by omitting barlines, time signatures, and modality. These modern, ambient pieces are gentle yet eccentric, with deliberate dissonances and bitonal harmonies that allude to the absurd, bordering on Dadaist art. The absence of barlines creates cadenza-like, free-flowing structures, giving each movement a spontaneous fluidity. While the first movement alternates between static progressions, the second and third feature uniform rhythms in both hands. Despite their unconventional form, these charming Chorales serve as delightful precursors to larger works or can be enjoyed on their own. Adding to the whimsy are playful performance instructions embedded in the music, such as "play with only your strongest fingers" and "What nice shoes! Are they new?" [3'30"]
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3 Nursery Tales [2 pianos]
"Three Nursery Tales" is a captivating two-piano composition in three movements, inspired by the beloved stories of "Cinderella," "The Ugly Duckling," and "The Emperor's Nightingale." Designed for advanced players, this sophisticated work features breathtaking melodies, intricate harmonies, and impressive technical demands. The first movement, based on "Cinderella," offers playful, whimsical themes that dance like the fairy godmother’s magic. The second, inspired by "The Ugly Duckling," reflects the transformation from awkwardness to grace. The final movement, drawn from "The Emperor's Nightingale," creates an ethereal atmosphere with delicate, intricate passages. This delightful work skillfully merges storytelling and music, captivating audiences. [15'00"]
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3 Women in Yellow
"Three Women in Yellow" is a piano solo in three contrasting waltzes that exude cinematic grandeur and sumptuous harmonic control. Its alluring textures create a tonally rooted piece that is both tender and reflective, with wistful turns that showcase the diversity of its dynamic, fluid treatments. Pianists will appreciate the subtle nuances of tone and character in the waltzes, from playful rhythmic shifts to delicate phrasing that invites exploration of color and expression. The result is sophisticated and artful, with an eloquence and economy that allow the music to evolve naturally and unpretentiously. Titled "Pomposo," "Adagio con doloroso," and "Delicato e elegante," the movements display the full range of the work’s artistry, offering captivating variations in mood, texture, and tonality. [10'00"]
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Tonk
“Tonk” is a charming, laid-back, very simple and direct tune that draws inspiration from jazz's harmonic language. The piece features a steady left-hand stride-piano and walking bass, directly borrowing from Morton’s style. A stark, occasionally dissonant chordal backdrop provides a breezy, folksy ambiance, creating an unceremonious, relaxed atmosphere. The composition is a nostalgic, episodic homage to an earlier era of music, characterized by its straightforward ease and simple charm. The title "Tonk" nods to the playful, informal spirit of the honky-tonk jazz scene. While grounded in traditional jazz elements, the piece incorporates modern touches, such as 'blue notes,' adding a contemporary flair. The result is a delightful musical journey through time, blending the old and new in a way that feels both authentic and innovative—a fitting tribute to the great jazz pianists. [3'30"]
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Traffic Waltz
"Traffic Waltz" is a mesmerizing minimalist composition spanning nearly fifteen minutes, featuring a slow-moving harmonic progression that explores modality and asymmetrical structures. The piece employs a repetitive cell structure but diverges from conventional minimalist techniques with a more daring approach. Set in minor, the composition gradually departs from traditional progressions through shifting phrases and meters. The left and right hands create interlocking broken chord patterns, producing a hypnotic, timeless effect as the notes flow in contrasting shades. Bell-like tones, ringing at varying intervals, mark the passage of time as harmonies shift and expand. Inspired by the chaotic patterns of Los Angeles traffic, the music reflects the organized chaos of the city's freeways. [15'00"]
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Transatlantic Yacht Race
"Transatlantic Yacht Race" is an orchestral composition that evokes the adventure and excitement of a journey across the vast Atlantic Ocean. The music ebbs and flows like the sea, transitioning from tranquil harp solos to thunderous brass fanfares and rippling melodies that convey the exhilaration of high-speed triumph. Imbued with drama and tension, the piece expertly captures the spirit of this epic voyage. Its rhythms and melodies, marked by surging energy and airy, open-chord expanses, provide a sense of grandeur and scale fitting for such a monumental undertaking. The use of descending lines, rhythmically complex fragments, and sumptuous orchestration creates a vivid sonic depiction of the boundless possibilities of navigating the open seas. [6'00"]
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Transient Filters
"Transient Filters" is a captivating composition that explores the realm of sound design through electronic manipulation. At its core, it delves into the delicate nuances of transients—those brief fluctuations in amplitude at the onset of sound. By filtering these transients through various electronic techniques, the composer crafts a vast, immersive soundscape that sparks the listener's imagination. The piece is built around short musical motifs that interweave and evolve, forming a complex, multifaceted tapestry. Polytonality and twelve-tone techniques contribute to its intellectual depth, creating temporal ambiguity that draws the listener deeper into the sonic landscape. The piano’s tumbling voices traverse its full range, producing a rich, varied sonic palette. Each layer builds upon the last, resulting in a mesmerizing and immersive musical experience. [4'00"]
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Tük
“Tük” is an exceptional contemporary ballet composition that captures the essence of modernism through its innovative musical language. Comprising twelve movements for piano (originally conceived for ballet and orchestra), the piece artfully balances traditional tonality with moments of dissonant, contrapuntal turbulence. "Tük" stands out for its confident use of dissonance and Stravinsky-inspired polytonality, delivering a compelling blend of dramatic lyricism and rhythmic vitality that captivates the listener. The transitions between reflective complexity and minimalistic undercurrents are seamlessly woven, evoking deep emotional resonance through vivid characterizations and musical contrasts. The composition's harmonic language showcases an intuitive grasp of dissonance and bold counterpoint, echoing the stylistic influence of late 20th-century American composers, while pushing the boundaries of contemporary ballet music. [20'00"]
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Umbra [2 pianos]
"Umbra" is a two-piano composition that captivates with its dissonant, exciting soundscape, immersing listeners in a haunting world of intricate musical patterns. It opens with a dense, frenetic texture, marked by bold, clashing chords that create tension and unease. The pianos then intertwine in intricate counterpoint, evoking the shadowy atmosphere of celestial eclipses. A subtle interplay between light and dark textures emerges, reflecting the shifting contrasts of light during an eclipse. The middle section showcases virtuosic pianism through cascading arpeggios and rapid scale runs, adding momentum and urgency. The piece erupts into driving rhythms and syncopated accents before resolving into a powerful chord progression, offering a satisfying close. With its intricate rhythms, daring harmonies, and thrilling virtuosity, "Umbra" is a work of exceptional beauty and complexity, providing contemporary pianists a true showpiece. [3'30"]
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The Unluckiness of Prime Numbers
"The Unluckiness of Prime Numbers" is a masterfully crafted piano composition that intricately weaves the rhythmic patterns of prime numbers with the complex harmonies of mathematics. The first movement introduces a driving ostinato, layering pulsating patterns and chordal pulses to form a rich tapestry reflecting the beauty of prime numbers. The second movement slows the tempo, dissolving into fragmented repetitions of quiet single notes and phrases, marked by silences, embodying the indivisibility and spiraling shapes of prime numbers. The third movement features biting dissonance that coalesces into dense walls of sound, mirroring the unpredictable and ever-expanding nature of prime numbers. The climax unifies into a single rhythm, symbolizing the unchanging patterns found in nature, and concludes with soft, hushed tones that evoke the enduring nature of primes. This innovative composition brilliantly blends the complexity of music and mathematics. [17'00"]
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Wedding Dress
"Wedding Dress" is a solo piano piece that captures the beauty and elegance of a wedding gown through its enchanting melody and intricate harmonies. The piece begins with a simple yet captivating theme, gradually building into a rich, layered texture that evokes the opulence and delicate lacework of a wedding dress. Soaring melodies and sweeping arpeggios transport listeners to a world of romance, while subtle rhythmic and harmonic variations suggest the intricate patterns of a bridal gown. The pianist skillfully weaves together a range of musical colors and textures, creating a kaleidoscope of sound that embodies the essence of the wedding dress. The music swells to a breathtaking climax before subsiding into a gentle, intimate coda, leaving listeners enchanted and uplifted. "Wedding Dress" is a work of exceptional beauty and artistry, paying tribute to the enduring allure of one of life's most cherished moments. [3'00"]
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The White Crane
"The White Crane" is a piano solo that offers a serene and contemplative ode to nature, with a distinctive Japanese-inspired sound. The composition’s tranquil atmosphere evokes a snow-covered, barren landscape, while the right hand's bird-like, echoing calls introduce rhythmic energy, suggesting the awakening of nature. The music is imbued with hushed, pastel tones, creating a reverent solemnity focused on the beautiful White Crane, a creature beloved by one of the composer’s respected predecessors, Sibelius. This piece is a testament to the delicate interplay between nature and music, demonstrating the piano’s ability to express the subtle nuances of the natural world with elegance and grace. It is a work of exceptional beauty and complexity, sure to captivate the most sophisticated listeners, evoking a deep sense of contemplation, peace, and harmony with nature. [2'00"]
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White Space
"White Space" is a musical composition that captures the elusive, mesmerizing quality of white. Whether evoking pristine snow or a blank canvas, the piece portrays white's ethereal beauty through an impressionistic soundscape. It begins with tentative, delicate chords that suggest exploration, gradually transforming into a sparkling, rhythmically intricate texture, reminiscent of sunlight glinting on snow. The faster "più mosso" section adds momentum, vividly portraying white in motion. The piece then returns to its soft, transparent opening chords, conveying the quiet power of stillness. "White Space" is a contemplative work that encourages appreciation of simplicity and minimalism, offering a contrast to a world often preoccupied with excess. [4'00"]
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(W)hole
"(W)hole" is a piano solo composed at The Atlantic Center for the Arts, designed to accompany a silent art film of the same name. The piece is sparse and introspective, built around simple three-note patterns that rotate over a slow, meditative accompaniment, perfectly complementing the film's themes of isolation, longing, and human connection. The recurring melodic motif subtly shifts, creating distinct moods and lending the composition an evocative and engaging quality. Through its delicate structure, the music invites listeners to reflect on their own emotional journeys, encouraging introspection and self-awareness. It explores the concept of being one’s own worst enemy, mirroring the metaphorical holes we dig in our personal lives, and offering space for contemplation and personal growth. The minimalist texture and emotive depth of "Hole" make it a powerful and thought-provoking experience, both as a standalone piece and in tandem with the visual medium. [5'00"]
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A Year of Crumbs
"A Year of Crumbs" is an evocative suite of four piano movements, each capturing vivid, picturesque scenes through richly varied, cinematic melodies. The piece creates a magical atmosphere with its reflective, emotionally sensitive timbres that are both engrossing and delightful. Romantic and contemplative, the composition draws from the American tradition, traversing a bold and mysterious landscape of modal and gentle, consoling passages that underscore its emotional tone of wonder. Alternating between moods of isolation, distant places, and remote wonder, it is a dramatic and compelling work that conveys a deep sense of consciousness. This beautifully crafted piece transports listeners to a place of introspection, revealing what remains when nothingness strips away excess, leaving only lessons of survival and quiet resilience that no wealth can teach. [14'00"]
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Zoo Music: 15 Miniatures
"Zoo Music: 15 Miniatures" is a captivating suite of piano music that vividly captures the behaviors and personalities of diverse zoo animals. Originally conceived as chamber music, it was later re-scored for solo piano, showcasing intricate register explorations, idiomatic keyboard passagework, and a wide dynamic range. The meticulously crafted movements offer a harmonically rich and melodically engaging collection of short pieces arranged for intermediate-level pianists. This imaginative suite skillfully parallels the traits of its animal inspirations, providing an engaging and memorable musical experience for both performers and listeners. 1.) Panda Bears; 2.) Ostriches; 3.) Chimpanzees; 4.) Dolphins; 5.) Giraffes; 6.) Penguins; 7.) Lions; 8.) Hyenas; 9.) Elephants; 10.) Ring-Tailed Lemurs; 11.) Alligators; 12.) Vultures; 13.) Zebras; 14.) Kangaroos; 15.) Cheetahs [20'00"]